Sezvo musika wemotokari yemagetsi (EV) uchikura pasi rose, kudiwa kwezvivakwa zvechaja zvakamisikidzwa uye zvinobudirira kunowedzera kunetsa. Matunhu akasiyana atora zviyero zvakasiyana kuti aite kune avo chaiwo masimba ekuda, nharaunda dzekutonga, uye kugona kwetekinoroji. Chinyorwa ichi chinopa ongororo yakazara yeyekutanga EV yekuchaja zviyero muUnited States, Europe, China, Japan, uye Tesla's proprietary system, ichidonongodza mwero wevoltage nezvazvino zvinodiwa, mhedzisiro yezviteshi zvekuchaja, uye nzira dzinoshanda dzekuvandudza zvivakwa.
United States: SAE J1772 uye CCS
MuUnited States, maEV ekuchaja anonyanya kushandiswa ndiwo SAE J1772 yekuchaja kweAC uye Combined Charging System (CCS) yekuchaja ese AC neDC. Iyo SAE J1772 yakajairwa, inozivikanwawo seJ plug, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kune Level 1 uye Level 2 AC kuchaja. Kuchaja kweLevel 1 kunoshanda pa120 volts (V) uye kusvika ku16 amperes (A), ichipa simba rinobuda rinosvika 1.92 kilowatts (kW). Level 2 kuchaja inoshanda pa240V uye kusvika pa80A, ichipa simba rinobuda rinosvika 19.2 kW.
Iyo CCS chiyero inotsigira epamusoro magetsi DC kuchaja nekukurumidza, neakajairika DC majaja muUS achiunza pakati pe50 kW ne350 kW pa200 kusvika 1000 volts uye anosvika 500A. Iyi chiyero inogonesa kuchaja nekukurumidza, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera yekufamba kure-kure uye kushandiswa kwekutengesa.
Infrastructure Zvinodiwa:
Mari yekuisa: Machaja eAC (Chikamu 1 uye Chikamu 2) haadhure kuisa uye anogona kubatanidzwa munzvimbo dzekugara uye dzekutengesa nemagetsi aripo.
Simba Kuwanikwa:DC fast chargerzvinoda kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi ekuvaka, kusanganisira kubatanidza magetsi epamusoro-soro uye masisitimu ekutonhodza akasimba kuti agadzirise kupera kwekupisa.
Regulatory Compliance: Kutevedzera makodhi ekuvaka emunharaunda uye mitemo yekuchengetedza kwakakosha pakutumirwa kwakachengeteka kwezviteshi zvekuchaja.
Europe: Rudzi rwechipiri uye CCS
Europe inonyanya kushandisa Type 2 yekubatanidza, inozivikanwawo seMennekes yekubatanidza, yekuchaja AC uye CCS yekuchaja DC. Iyo Type 2 yekubatanidza yakagadzirirwa imwe-chikamu uye matatu-chikamu AC kuchaja. Kuchaja kwechikamu chimwe chete kunoshanda pa230V uye kusvika ku32A, ichipa kusvika 7.4 kW. Kuchaja kwezvikamu zvitatu kunogona kuendesa kusvika ku43 kW pa400V ne63A.
Iyo CCS muEurope, inozivikanwa seCCS2, inotsigira zvese AC uye DC kuchaja.DC fast chargermuEurope kazhinji kubva pa50 kW kusvika ku350 kW, ichishanda pamagetsi ari pakati pe200V ne1000V uye mafungu anosvika 500A.
Infrastructure Zvinodiwa:
Mari yekuisa: Type 2 majaja ari nyore kuisa uye anoenderana neakawanda ekugara uye ekutengesa magetsi masisitimu.
Kuvepo kweSimba: Iwo emagetsi epamusoro anodiwa eDC anokurumidza majaja anoda kukosha kwekudyara kwezvivakwa, kusanganisira yakatsaurirwa yakakwirira-voltage mitsara uye epamberi tembiricha manejimendi masisitimu.
Regulatory Compliance: Kutevedza mitemo yeEU yekuchengetedza uye kudyidzana kwakasimba kunovimbisa kutorwa kwakapararira uye kuvimbika kweEV yekuchaja zviteshi.
China: GB/T Standard
China inoshandisa iyo GB/T chiyero kune ese ari maviri AC uye DC kuchaja. Iyo GB/T 20234.2 yakajairwa inoshandiswa pakuchaja kweAC, iine imwe-phase kuchaja inoshanda pa220V uye kusvika pa32A, ichiendesa ku7.04 kW. Kuchaja kwezvikamu zvitatu kunoshanda pa380V uye kusvika pa63A, kupa kusvika 43.8 kW.
Yekuchaja nekukurumidza kweDC, iyoGB/T 20234.3 chiyeroinotsigira mazinga emagetsi kubva pa30 kW kusvika pa360 kW, iine magetsi ekushanda anotangira pa200V kusvika pa1000V uye mafungu anosvika 400A.
Infrastructure Zvinodiwa:
Mari yekuisa: Machaja eAC anoenderana neiyo GB/T chiyero haadhure uye anogona kubatanidzwa munzvimbo dzekugara, dzekutengesa, uye dzeveruzhinji dzine hupfumi hwemagetsi huripo.
Kuwanikwa kweSimba: DC inokurumidza majaja inoda akakosha emagetsi magadzirirwo ezvivakwa, kusanganisira yakakwirira-inogoneka yekubatanidza uye inoshanda yekutonhodza masisitimu ekudzora kupisa kunogadzirwa panguva yekuchaja kwesimba guru.
Regulatory Compliance: Kuve nechokwadi chekutevedzwa nemitemo yenyika yeChina uye mirau yekuchengetedza kwakakosha pakutumirwa kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka kweEV kuchaja zviteshi.
Japan: CHAdeMO Standard
Japan inonyanya kushandisa iyo CHAdeMO standard yeDC yekuchaja nekukurumidza. CHAdeMO inotsigira kubuda kwemagetsi kubva pa50 kW kusvika ku400 kW, iine magetsi ekushanda ari pakati pe200V ne1000V uye macurrents anosvika 400A. Kuchaja kweAC, Japan inoshandisa Type 1 (J1772) yekubatanidza, inoshanda pa100V kana 200V yekuchaja-chikamu chimwe chete, ine simba rinobuda kusvika pa6 kW.
Infrastructure Zvinodiwa:
Mari yekuisa: Machaja eAC anoshandisa Type 1 yekubatanidza ari nyore uye asingadhure kuisa munzvimbo dzekugara uye dzekutengesa.
Kuwanikwa kweMasimba: DC inokurumidza majaja yakavakirwa paCHAdeMO chiyero inoda yakakura magetsi ezvivakwa zvekudyara, kusanganisira yakatsaurirwa mitsetse yakakwira-voltage uye akaomesesa ekutonhodza masisitimu.
Regulatory Compliance: Kutevedzera kuchengetedzeka kwakasimba kweJapan uye kudyidzana kwakakosha pakushanda kwakavimbika uye kugadzirisa kweEV yekuchaja zviteshi.
Tesla: Proprietary Supercharger Network
Tesla inoshandisa proprietary kuchaja chiyero kune yayo Supercharger network, ichipa yakakwirira-inomhanya DC yekuchaja nekukurumidza. Tesla Supercharger inogona kuendesa kusvika ku250 kW, inoshanda pa480V uye kusvika ku500A. Mota dzeTesla muEurope dzakashongedzerwa neCCS2 zvibatanidza, zvichivabvumira kushandisa CCS inokurumidza majaja.
Infrastructure Zvinodiwa:
Mari yekuisa: Tesla's Supercharger inosanganisira yakakosha mari yezvivakwa, kusanganisira yakakwira-inogoneka magetsi ekubatanidza uye epamberi yekutonhodza masisitimu ekubata yakakwira magetsi kubuda.
Kuvepo kweMasimba: Iwo epamusoro masimba anodiwa eSupercharger anoda yakatsaurirwa magetsi ekugadzirisa zvivakwa, kazhinji zvinoda kubatana nemakambani anoshanda.
Regulatory Compliance: Kuve nechokwadi chekuteedzera nharaunda kuchengetedza zviyero uye mirau kwakakosha kune yakavimbika uye yakachengeteka mashandiro eTesla's Supercharger network.
Maitiro Anoshanda eKuchaja Chiteshi Kuvandudza
Strategic Nzvimbo Kuronga:
Nzvimbo dzeMadhorobha: Tarisa pakuisa majaja eAC munzvimbo dzekugara, dzekutengesa, uye dzeveruzhinji kuti upe zviri nyore, zvinononoka kuchaja sarudzo dzekushandisa zuva nezuva.
Migwagwa Mikuru uye Nzira Dzekureba: Isa DC inokurumidza majaja nguva nenguva mumigwagwa mikuru uye nzira dzemafaro marefu kufambisa nekukurumidza kuchaja kwevafambi.
Commerce Hubs: Isa yakakwirira-simba DC inokurumidza majaja panzvimbo dzekutengesa, nzvimbo dzekutakura zvinhu, uye nzvimbo dzekuchengetera ngarava kutsigira kutengeserana EV mashandiro.
Public-Private Partnerships:
Bata pamwe nehurumende dzenzvimbo, makambani anoshandiswa, uye mabhizinesi akazvimirira kuti upe mari uye kuendesa zvivakwa zvekuchaja.
Kurudzirai mabhizinesi nevaridzi vezvivakwa kuti vaise maEV majaja nekupa kiredhiti yemutero, magrants, uye rubatsiro.
Standardization uye Interoperability:
Kurudzira kugamuchirwa kwezviyero zvekuchaja kwepasirese kuti ive nechokwadi chekudyidzana pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzeEV nemanetiweki ekuchaja.
Shandisa mapuroteni akavhurika ekutaura kuti ubvumire kusanganisa kusanganisa kweakasiyana ekuchaja network, zvichiita kuti vashandisi vawane akawanda ekuchaja vanopa neakaundi imwe chete.
Kubatanidzwa kweGridhi uye Kutungamira Kwesimba:
Batanidza zviteshi zvekuchaja neakangwara grid tekinoroji kubata kudiwa kwesimba uye kupa nemazvo.
Shandisa zvigadziriso zvekuchengetedza simba, senge mabhatiri kana mota-ku-grid (V2G) masisitimu, kuenzanisa peak kudiwa uye kuwedzera kugadzikana kwegidhi.
Chiitiko cheMushandisi uye Kuwanikwa:
Ita shuwa kuti zviteshi zvekuchaja zvine hushamwari, zvine mirairo yakajeka uye nzira dzekubhadhara dzinowanikwa.
Ipa ruzivo rwenguva chaiyo pamusoro pekuwanikwa kwechaja uye chimiro kuburikidza nenharembozha uye masisitimu ekufambisa.
Kugara Kuchengetedza uye Kukwidziridzwa:
Gadzira maprotocol ekugadzirisa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuvimbika uye kuchengetedzeka kwezvivakwa zvekuchaja.
Ronga kukwidziridzwa nguva dzose kuti utsigire magetsi epamusoro uye kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji.
Mukupedzisa, iwo akasiyana ekuchaja zviyero munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana anosimbisa kudiwa kwemaitiro akarongedzerwa ekuvandudza EV zvivakwa. Nekunzwisisa uye kugadzirisa izvo zvakasarudzika zvinodikanwa zveyero yega yega, vanobatana vanogona kugadzira yakazara uye yakavimbika yekuchaja network inotsigira shanduko yepasi rose kune yemagetsi kufamba.
Taura nesu:
Kuti uwane kubvunzana kwemunhu uye kubvunza nezve mhinduro dzedu dzekuchaja, ndapota taura naLesley:
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www.cngreenscience.com
Nguva yekutumira: May-25-2024
