Nekukurumidza kukura kwemusika mutsva wemotokari yemagetsi yeChina, kushandiswa kweVehicle-to-Grid (V2G) tekinoroji kwawedzera kukosha pakuvaka hurongwa hwesimba renyika uye magidhi akangwara. V2G tekinoroji inoshandura mota dzemagetsi kuita nharembozha dzekuchengetera magetsi uye inoshandisa nzira mbiri yekuchaja mirwi kuti ione kutapurirana kwemagetsi kubva mumotokari kuenda kune grid. Kuburikidza neiyi tekinoroji, mota dzemagetsi dzinogona kupa simba kune grid panguva yekuremerwa nguva uye kubhadharisa panguva yakaderera-mutoro nguva, zvichibatsira kuenzanisa mutoro pane grid.
Musi wa4 Ndira 2024, National Development and Reform Commission nemamwe madhipatimendi vakaburitsa gwaro rekutanga remutemo repamba rakanangana nehunyanzvi hweV2G - "Maonero Ekuita Pakusimbisa Kubatanidzwa uye Kudyidzana kweMotokari Itsva neMagetsi eMagetsi." Kubva pane yakapfuura "Kutungamira Maonero paKuwedzera Kuvaka Yepamusoro-Unhu Kuchaja Infrastructure System" yakapihwa neGeneral Hofisi yeHurumende Council, maonero ekuita haana kungojekesa tsananguro yemotokari-network inopindirana tekinoroji, asi zvakare akaisa mberi zvinangwa uye. mazano, uye akaronga kuashandisa muYangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong, Sichuan neChongqing nedzimwe nzvimbo dzine mamiriro akakura kuti atange mapurojekiti ekuratidzira.
Ruzivo rwapfuura runoratidza kuti kunongova ne1,000 yekuchaja mirwi ine mabasa eV2G munyika, uye parizvino kune 3.98 miriyoni yekuchaja mirwi munyika, inoverengera chete 0.025% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekuchaja mirwi iripo. Pamusoro pezvo, tekinoroji yeV2G yekudyidzana kwemotokari-netiweki zvakare yakakura, uye mashandisirwo uye tsvakiridzo yeiyi tekinoroji hazvina kujairika pasi rese. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kune nzvimbo huru yekuvandudza mukuzivikanwa kweV2G tekinoroji mumaguta.
Semutyairi weguta repasi-kabhoni, Beijing iri kusimudzira kushandiswa kwesimba rinowanikwazve. Mota dzeguta hombe dzesimba uye zvivakwa zvekuchaja zvakateya hwaro hwekushandisa tekinoroji yeV2G. Pakupera kwa2022, guta rakavaka anopfuura mazana maviri nemakumi masere ezviuru ekuchaja mapairi uye mazana maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemaviri ekuchinjanisa mabhatiri.
Zvisinei, panguva yekusimudzira nekugadzirisa, teknolojia yeV2G inotarisanawo nematambudziko akawanda, kunyanya ane chokuita nekukwanisa kwekushanda kwechokwadi uye kuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvinoenderana. Kutora Beijing semuenzaniso, vaongorori kubva kuThe Paper Research Institute nguva pfupi yadarika vakaita ongororo pamusoro pesimba remumaguta, magetsi uye maindasitiri ekuchaja ane chekuita.
Nzira mbiri dzekuchaja mirwi inoda yakakwira yekutanga mari yekudyara
Vatsvagiri vakadzidza kuti kana tekinoroji yeV2G yakafarirwa munzvimbo dzemudhorobha, inogona kudzikamisa dambudziko razvino re "zvakaoma kuwana mirwi yekuchaja" mumaguta. China ichiri mumatanho ekutanga ekushandisa tekinoroji yeV2G. Sekutaura kwakaita munhu anoona nezvegwenya remagetsi, mune dzidziso, tekinoroji yeV2G yakafanana nekubvumira nharembozha kuchaja mabhangi emagetsi, asi kushanda kwayo chaiko kunoda hutungamiriri hwepamusoro hwebhatiri uye kubatana kwegidhi.
Vatsvagiri vakaongorora makambani ekuchaja mirwi muBeijing uye vakaziva kuti pari zvino, mazhinji emapombi ekuchaja muBeijing inzira imwe chete yekuchaja mirwi inogona kungochaja mota. Kukurudzira nzira mbiri dzekuchaja mapairi ane V2G mabasa, isu parizvino takatarisana nematambudziko akati wandei:
Chekutanga, maguta ekutanga, akadai seBeijing, akatarisana nekushomeka kwenzvimbo. Kuvaka zviteshi zvekuchaja zvine mabasa eV2G, kungave kurojesa kana kutenga ivhu, zvinoreva kudyara kwenguva refu uye kudhura kwakanyanya. Uyezve, zvakaoma kuwana imwe nzvimbo iripo.
Chechipiri, zvinotora nguva kushandura mirwi yekuchaja iripo. Mari yekudyara yekuvaka mirwi yekuchaja yakakwira zvakanyanya, kusanganisira mutengo wemidziyo, nzvimbo yekurojesa uye wiring yekubatanidza kune gidhi remagetsi. Aya ma investments anowanzo tora angangoita makore 2-3 kuti adzorerwe. Kana kudzoreredza kwakavakirwa pamapairi ekuchaja aripo, makambani anogona kushaya mari yekurudziro yakakwana mari isati yadzoserwa.
Pakutanga, mishumo yenhau yakataura kuti pari zvino, kusimudzira tekinoroji yeV2G mumaguta kuchasangana nematambudziko maviri makuru: Yekutanga mutengo wekuvaka wekutanga. Chechipiri, kana magetsi emagetsi emagetsi akabatanidzwa kune grid kunze kwekurongeka, zvinogona kukanganisa kugadzikana kwegridhi.
Maonero etekinoroji ane tarisiro uye ane kugona kukuru munguva refu.
Kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hweV2G kunorevei kune varidzi vemotokari? Zvidzidzo zvakakodzera zvinoratidza kuti kushanda kwesimba kwematramu madiki kunosvika 6km/kWh (kureva kuti, imwe kilowatt awa yemagetsi inogona kumhanya makiromita matanhatu). Kuwanda kwebhatiri remotokari diki dzemagetsi kazhinji 60-80kWh (60-80 kilowatt-maawa emagetsi), uye mota yemagetsi inogona kuchaja anenge makumi masere kilowatt-maawa emagetsi. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwemagetsi emotokari kunosanganisirawo air conditioning, etc. Kuenzaniswa nemamiriro akanaka, kureba kwekutyaira kuchaderedzwa.
Iye munhu anotarisira kambani yambotaurwa yekuchaja mirwi ane tarisiro nezve V2G tekinoroji. Akataura kuti motokari itsva ine simba inogona kuchengetedza 80 kilowatt-maawa emagetsi kana yazara uye inogona kuendesa 50 kilowatt-maawa emagetsi kune grid nguva imwe neimwe. Yakaverengerwa zvichienderana nemitengo yemagetsi yekuchaja iyo vaongorori vakaona munzvimbo yepasi pevhu yekupaka munzvimbo yezvitoro muEast Fourth Ring Road, Beijing, mutengo wekuchaja panguva yekushaja nguva ndeye 1.1 yuan/kWh (mitengo yekuchaja yakadzikira mumasabhubhu), uye mutengo wekuchaja panguva dzepamusoro i2.1 yuan/kWh. Tichifunga kuti muridzi wemotokari anochaja panguva yekusakwira-nguva zuva rega rega uye achiendesa simba kugedhi panguva dzepamusoro-soro, zvichienderana nemitengo yazvino, muridzi wemotokari anogona kuita purofiti inosvika makumi mashanu yuan pazuva. "Nekugadziriswa kwemitengo kunobvira kubva kugetsi remagetsi, sekuitwa kwemitengo yemusika panguva dzepamusoro-soro, mari inobva kumotokari dzinoendesa magetsi ekuchaja mirwi inogona kuwedzera."
Munhu anoona nezvemagetsi ambotaurwa akataura kuti kuburikidza neV2G tekinoroji, kurasikirwa kwebhatiri kunofanirwa kutariswa kana mota dzemagetsi dzinotumira simba kune grid. Mishumo yakakodzera inoratidza kuti mutengo webhatiri re60kWh ungangoita US$7,680 (yakaenzana neRMB 55,000).
Kumakambani ekuchaja mirwi, sezvo huwandu hwemotokari nyowani dzesimba dzichiramba dzichiwedzera, kudiwa kwemusika kweV2G tekinoroji kuchakurawo. Kana mota dzemagetsi dzichiendesa simba kugedhi kuburikidza nekuchaja mirwi, makambani ekuchaja mirwi anogona kubhadharisa imwe "platform service fee". Pamusoro pezvo, mumaguta mazhinji eChina, makambani anodyara mari nekushandisa mirwi yekuchaja, uye hurumende ichapa rubatsiro rwunoenderana.
Maguta emudzimba ari kusimudzira zvishoma nezvishoma V2G application. Muna Chikunguru 2023, Zhoushan City yekutanga V2G yekuchaja chiteshi yakashandiswa zviri pamutemo, uye yekutanga in-park transaction order muZhejiang Province yakapedzwa zvinobudirira. Musi wa9 Ndira 2024, NIO yakazivisa kuti batch yayo yekutanga yegumi V2G yekuchaja zviteshi muShanghai yakaiswa zviri pamutemo kushanda.
Cui Dongshu, munyori mukuru weNational Passenger Car Market Information Joint Association, ane tarisiro pamusoro pekugona kwehunyanzvi hweV2G. Akaudza vaongorori kuti nekufambira mberi kwesimba rebhatiri tekinoroji, hupenyu hwebhatiri hunogona kuwedzera kusvika ku3,000 nguva kana kupfuura, iyo yakaenzana nemakore gumi ekushandiswa. Izvi zvakakosha zvakanyanya kune zviitiko zvekushandisa apo mota dzemagetsi dzinowanzochajwa uye kuburitswa.
Vatsvakurudzi vemhiri kwemakungwa vakawana zvakafanana. ACT yeAustralia ichangopedza makore maviri V2G tekinoroji yekutsvagisa chirongwa chinonzi "Kuziva Magetsi Vehicles to Grid Services (REVS)". Zvinoratidza kuti nekukura kukuru kwetekinoroji, mari yekuchaja yeV2G inotarisirwa kudzikiswa zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nekufamba kwenguva, sezvo mari yekubhadharisa zvivako inodonha, mutengo wemotokari dzemagetsi uchadonhawo, nokudaro kuderedza kushandiswa kwenguva refu. Zvakawanikwa zvinogonawo kunyanya kubatsira pakuenzanisa kupinza kwesimba rinogonekazve mugedhi panguva dzesimba repamusoro.
Inoda kushandira pamwe kwegetsi remagetsi uye mhinduro yakanangana nemusika.
Padanho rehunyanzvi, maitiro emotokari dzemagetsi anodyisa kugedhi remagetsi achawedzera kuoma kwekushanda kwese.
Xi Guofu, mutungamiriri weIndustrial Development Department yeState Grid Corporation yeChina, akambotaura kuti kubhadharisa magetsi matsva kunosanganisira "mutoro mukuru uye simba shoma". Vazhinji varidzi vemotokari yemagetsi matsva vakajaira kuchaja pakati pe19:00 na23:00, izvo zvinopindirana nenguva yepamusoro yekuremerwa kwemagetsi ekugara. Kusvika pa85%, iyo inowedzera simba repamusoro uye inounza kukanganisa kukuru kunetiweki yekugovera.
Kubva pamaonero anoshanda, kana mota dzemagetsi dzichidzosera simba remagetsi kune grid, transformer inodiwa kugadzirisa voltage kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderana negridi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nzira yekuburitsa mota yemagetsi inoda kuenzanisa tekinoroji yemagetsi emagetsi. Kunyanya, kufambiswa kwesimba kubva pamurwi wekuchaja kuenda kune tram kunosanganisira kufambiswa kwesimba remagetsi kubva pakakwirira kusvika kune yakaderera voltage, nepo kufambisa kwesimba kubva patiramu kuenda kumurwi wekuchaja (uye nekudaro kune grid) kunoda kuwedzera kubva kune low voltage kusvika kune yakakwirira voltage. Mune tekinoroji Iyo yakanyanya kuomarara, inosanganisira kutendeuka kwemagetsi uye kuve nechokwadi kugadzikana kwesimba remagetsi uye kutevedzera grid zviyero.
Munhu anoona nezvechigadzirwa chemagetsi chambotaurwa akataura kuti gidhi remagetsi rinofanirwa kuita chaiyo manejimendi ekuchaja uye kuburitsa mafambisirwo emotokari dzemagetsi akawanda, izvo zvisiri dambudziko rehunyanzvi chete, asi rinosanganisira kugadziridzwa kwegwaro rekushanda kwegridi. .
Iye akati: “Semuenzaniso, kune dzimwe nzvimbo, waya dzemagetsi dziripo hadzina kukora zvakakwana kutakura mirwi yakawanda yokuchajisa. Izvi zvakaenzana nehurongwa hwepombi yemvura. Iyo pombi huru haigone kupa mvura yakakwana kumapaipi ese ebazi uye inoda kudzokororwa. Izvi zvinoda rewiring yakawanda. Mari yekuvaka yakakwira.” Kunyangwe kana mapairi ekuchaja akaiswa kumwe kunhu, anogona kusashanda nemazvo nekuda kweiyo grid kugona nyaya.
Basa rekugadzirisa rinoenderana rinoda kufambiswa mberi. Semuyenzaniso, simba rezvinono kuchaja mirwi rinowanzoita 7 kilowatts (7KW), nepo simba rose remidziyo yemumba mumusha wepakati ringangoita 3 kilowatts (3KW). Kana imwe kana maviri mapira ekuchaja akabatana, mutoro unogona kutakurwa zvizere, uye kunyangwe kana simba richishandiswa pa-off-peak maawa, gidhi remagetsi rinogona kuitwa zvakanyanya kugadzikana. Zvisinei, kana nhamba huru yezviputi zvekuchaja zvakabatana uye simba richishandiswa panguva dzepamusoro, simba rekutakura regridhi rinogona kudarika.
Munhu anotarisira chigaro chemagetsi chambotaurwa akataura kuti pasi petarisiro yekugovera simba, kushambadzira kwemagetsi kunogona kuongororwa kugadzirisa dambudziko rekusimudzira kubhadharisa uye kubudiswa kwemotokari itsva dzemagetsi kune girasi remagetsi mune ramangwana. Parizvino, simba remagetsi rinotengeswa nemakambani ekugadzira magetsi kumakambani emagetsi emagetsi, anozoagovera kune vashandisi nemabhizinesi. Multi-level kutenderera kunowedzera iyo yakazara magetsi mutengo. Kana vashandisi nemabhizinesi vanogona kutenga magetsi zvakananga kubva kumakambani ekugadzira magetsi, zvinorerutsa magetsi emagetsi. “Kutenga kwakananga kunogona kuderedza maringe nepakati, nekudaro kuderedza mutengo wekushandisa magetsi. Inogona zvakare kusimudzira makambani ekuchaja mirwi kuti atore chikamu mukupihwa kwemagetsi uye kudzora gidhi remagetsi, izvo zvakakosha pakushanda kwakanaka kwemusika wemagetsi uye kusimudzirwa kwemotokari-grid yekubatanidza tekinoroji. “
Qin Jianze, director weEnergy Service Center (Load Control Center) yeState Grid Smart Internet yeVehicles Technology Co., Ltd., akataura kuti nekusimudzira mabasa uye zvakanakira papuratifomu yeInternet yeMotokari, mirwi yekuchaja midziyo inogona kubatana. kuInternet yeMotokari papuratifomu kurerutsa mashandiro emasocial operators. Vaka chikumbaridzo, kuderedza mari yekudyara, zadzisa kuhwina-kuhwina kubatana neInternet yeMotokari chikuva, uye kuvaka indasitiri inosimukira ecosystem.
Susie
Sichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd., Co.
0086 19302815938
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-10-2024
