Nguva yemashure-denda yakaunza fungu idzva rekudiwa kwepamusoro pemafuta ekufambisa. Kubva pamaonero epasirese, nzvimbo dzinorema-emission dzakadai sendege uye kutakura zvinhu dziri kutarisa biofuels seimwe yeakakosha decarbonization mafuta muindasitiri yezvekufambisa. Ndeapi mamiriro azvino ebiofuel tekinoroji innovation? Ndeupi mukana wekushandisa munzvimbo dzakaoma kuita decarbonize? Ndedzipi gwara remitemo yenyika dzakabudirira?
Kukura kwegore negore kwekubuda kunoda kukwidziridzwa
Kusvika ikozvino, bioethanol uye biodiesel zvichiri kunyanya kushandiswa zvakanyanya. Bioethanol ichiri kutora chinzvimbo chepamusoro mumafuta epasi rose. Haikwanise kungoshanda seyakagadziriswa uye yakagadzikana yemafuta emafuta ekuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta, asi zvakare inogona kushandiswa seyakasiyana-siyana mbishi zvinhu uye zvinonyungudutsa muindasitiri yemakemikari.
Sangano reInternational Energy Agency (IEA) rakaratidza mu “Renewable Energy 2023” mushumo kuti kana chinangwa chekuburitsa zero net-zero panosvika 2050 chikazadzikiswa, kugadzirwa kwebiofuel pasi rose kunofanirwa kuwedzera neavhareji pagore yegumi nerimwe kubva zvino kusvika 2030. . Zvinotarisirwa kuti panopera gore ra2030, mafuta emarara emukicheni, tsvina yechikafu nemashanga ezvirimwa zvichava chikamu chepamusoro chezvigadzirwa zvebiofuel, zvinosvika makumi mana muzana.
IEA yakataura kuti chiyero chekukura kwekugadzirwa kwebiofuel hachigone kubatsira kuzadzisa chinangwa che zero muna 2050. Kubva 2018 kusvika 2022, kukura kwegore negore kwekugadzirwa kwemafuta epasi rose kunongova 4%. Pakazosvika 2050, chikamu chekushandiswa kwebiofuel muzvikamu zvendege, zvemugungwa nemigwagwa mikuru zvinoda kusvika 33%, 19% uye 3%.
IEA inotarisira kuti pasi rose kudiwa kwebiofuel kukura ne 35 mabhiriyoni emarita pagore pakati pe2022 ne2027. Pakati pavo, kushandiswa kwekukura kwedhiziri inoshandiswa patsva uye bio-jet fuel inenge yakazara kubva kuhupfumi hwakabudirira; kukura kwebioethanol uye kushandiswa kwebiodiesel kunenge zvachose kubva kune hupfumi huri kusimukira.
Pakati pa2022 na2027, biofuels muchikamu chepasi rose chekufambisa mafuta ichawedzera kubva pa4,3% kusvika pa5.4%. Pakazosvika 2027, kudiwa kwemafuta epasi rose epasi rose kunotarisirwa kuwedzera kusvika pamabhiriyoni 3.9 marita pagore, kakapetwa makumi matatu nenomwe kupfuura muna 2021, zvichitora chikamu chimwe chete muzana chekushandiswa kwemafuta endege.
Iyo inonyanya kushanda mafuta ekufambisa decarbonizing
Zvakaoma zvikuru decarbonize indasitiri yekufambisa. IEA inotenda kuti munguva pfupi kusvika pakati, biofuels ndiyo inonyanya kushanda sarudzo yekufambisa decarbonization. Kugadzirwa kwepasi rose kwemabiofuel anoramba kuripo kunoda kupetwa katatu pakati pezvino kusvika 2030 kuzadzisa chinangwa chenet-zero emissions kubva mukutakurwa panosvika 2050.
Pane kubvumirana kwakafara kweindasitiri kuti biofuels inopa inodhura-yemakwikwi sarudzo yekudzikisa kuburitswa kwegasi rinopisa kubva muchikamu chezvekufambisa mumakumi emakore ari kuuya. Muchokwadi, kuenderana neiyo iripo fossil peturu masisitimu inoita kuti biofuel ive sarudzo inoshanda yekutsiva fossil mafuta muzvikepe zviripo.
Kunyangwe mota dzemagetsi dziri kukura nekukurumidza, gaka rezvinhu rinodiwa pakukura kwebhatiri kugadzirwa uye kuomerwa kwekuisa nzvimbo dzekuchaja munzvimbo dzisina kuvandudzwa kuchiri kuunza matambudziko pakutorwa kwavo kwakapararira. Munguva yepakati nepakati, sezvo chikamu chezvekutakuriwa chawedzera kuve nemagetsi, kushandiswa kwebiofuels kuchasuduruka kune zvikamu zvinonetsa kuisa magetsi, zvakaita sendege nemakungwa.
"Liquid biofuels senge bioethanol nebiodiesel inogona kutsiva zvakananga peturu nedhiziri, ichipa dzimwe nzira dzakakura uye dzinotyisa mumusika unodzorwa nemotokari dzinopisa mukati," akadaro Heitor Cantarella, nyanzvi paAgricultural Research Institute yeCampinas muBrazil.
nyika yangu iri kusimudzirawo kuendeswa kwebiofuels munzvimbo yekufambisa. Muna 2023, mashandisirwo eparafini munyika yangu angangoita 38.83 miriyoni matani, nekabhoni yakananga inodarika mamirioni zana nemakumi maviri nenhatu, ichiverengera chikamu chimwe chete chenyika. Muchirevo che "double kabhoni", mafuta ekufambisa nendege ndiyo nzira inogoneka yekudzikisa kuburitsa kabhoni muindasitiri yekubhururuka.
Mo Dingge, Sachigaro uye Munyori weBato reSinopec Ningbo Zhenhai Refining uye Chemical Co., Ltd., nguva pfupi yadarika vakaisa mazano akakodzera ekuvaka indasitiri yemafuta ekufambisa nendege inoenderana neicho chaicho cheChina: kurumidza kugadzwa kwehukuru uye hunoshanda. hurongwa hwe bio-based raw materials senge tsvina mafuta uye girizi; nyika yangu yakazvimiririra uye inodzoreka zvitupa certification system uye yakagadziridzwa hurongwa hwekutsigira maindasitiri inosimudzira kusimudzira kwakanaka kweindasitiri yemafuta endege.
IUnited States neEurope dzinopa zvido zvemitemo
Pakati pehupfumi hwakasimukira, United States iri kushanda nesimba mukusimudzira kuvandudzwa kwemafuta emafuta. Zvinonzi America yapa US$9.7 billion kuindasitiri yemafuta ebiofuel kuburikidza nemutemo weInflation Reduction Act.
Muna Kukadzi, US Environmental Protection Agency neUS Department of Energy vakabatana vakapa chiziviso chekuti mari yakapihwa pasi peInflation Reduction Act ichakosheswa kuti igoverwe kumakambani ane mapurojekiti ehunyanzvi hwekugadzira biofuel kuvandudza mashandiro uye kuderedza mutengo webiofuel. kugadzira tekinoroji.
Joseph Goffman, mukuru muHofisi yeEPA yeMhepo neRadiation, akati: “Ichi danho rakagadzirirwa kukurudzira hunyanzvi mukugadzirwa kwemafuta ebiofuel. Jeff Marootian, mutevedzeri wemutevedzeri wemunyori wezvekusimba kwesimba uye simba rinodzokororwa kuUS Department of Energy, akati: "Kuisa mari mubiofuel tekinoroji, kuzadzisa kudiwa kuri kuramba kuchiitika kwemafuta ekufambisa nendege nemamwe magirofu ane kabhoni shoma."
Dzimwe nyika dziri muEU dzinotenda kuti biofuel inofanirwa kuverengerwa muEU's carbon-neutral fuel framework kuitira kuti indasitiri ikwanise kukwezva mari.
Dare reEuropean Court of Auditors rinoti EU haina zano renguva refu rekushandisa biofuels, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa nharaunda yekufambisa decarbonisation zvinangwa. Muchokwadi, chimiro cheEU pamafuta emafuta chave chichizununguka. Yaimbove nechinangwa chekuwedzera chikamu chebiofuels mukufambisa kwemagetsi kushandiswa kwemagetsi kusvika 10% panosvika 2020, asi ndokusiya chinangwa ichi. Parizvino, EU inoona kuti biofuel ine mukana mukuru mukufamba nendege, kutakura ngarava nemamwe minda, uye iri kuwanazve chivimbo mubudiriro.
Nikolaos Milionis, mukuru weEuropean Court of Auditors, akabvuma kuti mutemo weEU biofuel policy yakaoma uye yakachinja kakawanda mumakore makumi maviri apfuura. "Mabiofuel anogona kubatsira kuchinangwa cheEU chekusarerekera kabhoni uye kuwedzera kuchengetedzwa kwesimba ravo, asi pachine kushomeka kwehurongwa hwebudiriro hwakajeka uye hwakajeka. Kushaikwa kwegwaro remitemo pasina mubvunzo kuchawedzera njodzi dzekudyara uye kuderedza kukwezva kweindasitiri yeEuropean biofuels. "
Susie
Sichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd., Co.
0086 19302815938
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-30-2024
