Nguva yapashure pedenda yaunza kudiwa kukuru kwemafuta ekufambisa. Kubva pamaonero epasi rose, nzvimbo dzinoburitsa utsi hwakawanda dzakadai sendege nengarava dziri kuona mafuta emhuka seimwe yemafuta akakosha ekubvisa utsi muindasitiri yekufambisa. Ndeipi mamiriro aripo pari zvino ekuvandudza tekinoroji yemafuta emhuka? Ndeipi mukana wekushandisa munzvimbo dzakaoma kubvisa utsi? Ndeipi nzira yezvematongerwo enyika dzakabudirira?
Kukura kwegore negore kwezvibereko kunofanirwa kukurumidziswa
Kusvika pari zvino, bioethanol nebiodiesel zvichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mu biofuels. Bioethanol ichiri kutonga mu biofuels pasi rose. Haingogone kungoshanda semafuta emvura anodzokororwa uye anogara kwenguva refu kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta, asiwo inogona kushandiswa sezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvinonyungudutsa muindasitiri yemakemikari.
Sangano reInternational Energy Agency (IEA) rakataura mumushumo we "Renewable Energy 2023" kuti kana chinangwa chekubvisa utsi hwemhepo chakakwana muna 2050 chichizowanikwa, kugadzirwa kwemafuta emhuka pasi rose kunofanirwa kuwedzera neavhareji yegore negore ye11% kubva zvino kusvika muna 2030. Zvinotarisirwa kuti panosvika kuguma kwa2030, mafuta emukicheni, marara echikafu uye uswa hwezvirimwa zvichave chikamu chikuru chezvinhu zvemafuta emhuka, zvichisvika 40%.
IEA yakati kukura kuri kuita biofuel hakugone kubatsira kuzadzisa chinangwa chegore ra2050. Kubva muna 2018 kusvika 2022, kukura kwegore negore kwekugadzirwa kwe biofuel pasi rose kuri 4% chete panosvika 2050, huwandu hwekushandiswa kwe biofuel muzvikamu zvendege, zvegungwa nemigwagwa mikuru hunofanira kusvika 33%, 19% uye 3%.
IEA inotarisira kuti kudiwa kwemafuta ebiofuel pasi rose kuchakura nemabhiriyoni makumi matatu nemashanu emarita pagore pakati pa2022 na2027. Pakati pazvo, kukura kwekushandiswa kwemafuta edhiziri anogona kushandiswazve nebio-jet kunobva kuhupfumi hwakabudirira; kukura kwekushandiswa kwemafuta ebioethanol nebiodiesel kunobva kuhupfumi huri kusimukira.
Pakati pa2022 na2027, chikamu chemafuta emhuka muchikamu chemafuta ekufambisa pasi rose chichawedzera kubva pa4.3% kusvika pa5.4%. Pakazosvika 2027, kudiwa kwemafuta emhuka emhuka pasi rose kunotarisirwa kuwedzera kusvika pa3.9 bhiriyoni marita pagore, ka37 pane ka2021, zvichireva kuti inodarika 1% yemafuta ese anoshandiswa mundege.
Mafuta anonyanya kushanda ekubvisa kabhoni mukutakura
Zvakaoma zvikuru kubvisa kabhoni muindasitiri yekufambisa. IEA inotenda kuti munguva pfupi kusvika pakati nepakati, biofuels ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushanda yekubvisa kabhoni mukufambisa. Kugadzirwa kwe biofuels pasi rose kunoda kuwedzera katatu kubva pari zvino kusvika mugore ra2030 kuti chinangwa chekusaburitsa kabhoni kubva mukufambisa chisvike mugore ra2050.
Kune kubvumirana kukuru muindasitiri kuti biofuels inopa sarudzo inodhura zvishoma yekuderedza kuburitswa kwemagasi anokonzera kudziya kwepasi kubva muchikamu chekufambisa mumakumi emakore anotevera. Kutaura zvazviri, kuenderana nezvivakwa zvemafuta ekare zvinoita kuti biofuels ive sarudzo inoshanda yekutsiva mafuta ekare muzvikepe zviripo.
Kunyangwe mota dzemagetsi dziri kukura nekukurumidza, mukaha wezvinhu zvinodiwa pakugadzira mabhatiri makuru uye kuoma kwekuisa nzvimbo dzekuchaja munzvimbo dzisina kusimba zvichiri kukonzera matambudziko pakushandiswa kwazvo. Munguva yepakati nepakati, sezvo chikamu chekufambisa chichinyanya kushandisa magetsi, kushandiswa kwemafuta emhuka kuchachinja kuenda kuzvikamu zvakaoma kushandisa magetsi, zvakaita sendege nezvikepe.
"Mafuta emvura akadai sebioethanol nebiodiesel anogona kutsiva zvakananga peturu nedhiziri, zvichipa dzimwe nzira dzakakura uye dzinogona kushandiswa mumusika une mota dzinoshandisa injini dzinopisa," akadaro Heitor Cantarella, nyanzvi paAgricultural Research Institute of Campinas muBrazil.
Nyika yangu iri kukurumidzisawo kuiswa kwemafuta emhuka mumunda wekutakura. Muna 2023, kushandiswa kweparafini munyika yangu kuchave matani angangoita mamiriyoni 38.83, nekuburitswa kwekabhoni zvakananga kunodarika matani mamiriyoni 123, zvichiita kuti ive inenge 1% yehuwandu hwekabhoni inoburitswa munyika. Muchirevo che "kabhoni kaviri", mafuta ekufambisa ndege anochengetedza nharaunda parizvino ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushanda yekuderedza kuburitswa kwekabhoni muindasitiri yendege.
Mo Dingge, Sachigaro uye Munyori weBato reSinopec Ningbo Zhenhai Refining and Chemical Co., Ltd., munguva pfupi yapfuura vakapa mazano akakodzera ekuvaka sisitimu yeindasitiri yemafuta endege inoenderera mberi inoenderana nechokwadi cheChina: kukurumidzisa kuumbwa kwesisitimu yakakura uye inoshanda yekugovera zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nebio-based senge mafuta emarara nemafuta; sisitimu yenyika yangu yakazvimirira uye inodzorwa yekubvumidza zvitupa zvinoenderera mberi uye sisitimu yekutsigira maindasitiri yakagadziridzwa zvinokurudzira kukura kwakanaka kweindasitiri yemafuta endege inoenderera mberi.
United States neEurope dzinopa sarudzo dzezvematongerwo enyika
Pakati penyika dzakabudirira, United States iri kushanda nesimba mukusimudzira kugadzirwa kwemafuta emhuka. Zvinonzi United States yakaisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni US$9.7 kuindasitiri yemafuta emhuka kuburikidza neInflation Reduction Act.
Muna Kukadzi, US Environmental Protection Agency neUS Department of Energy vakapa chiziviso pamwe chete vachiti mari inopihwa pasi peInflation Reduction Act ichakosheswa kuti igoverwe kumakambani ane mapurojekiti etekinoroji yebiofuel ane simba guru kuti vavandudze mashandiro uye kuderedza mitengo yetekinoroji yekugadzira biofuel.
Joseph Goffman, mukuru muhofisi yeEPA yeAir and Radiation, akati: “Iyi danho rakagadzirirwa kukurudzira hunyanzvi mukugadzirwa kwemafuta emhando yepamusoro.” Jeff Marootian, mutevedzeri mukuru wemunyori wezvekushandisa simba zvakanaka uye simba rinogona kudzokororwa kuUS Department of Energy, akati: “Kudyara mari muhunyanzvi hwemafuta emhando ye biofuel, kuti kugutse kudiwa kuri kukura kwemafuta ekufambisa ndege anochengetedza nharaunda pamwe nemamwe mafuta emhando ye biofuel asina kabhoni yakawanda.”
Dzimwe nyika dziri nhengo dzeEU dzinofunga kuti mafuta emhuka anofanira kuiswa muhurongwa hwemafuta husina kabhoni hweEU kuitira kuti indasitiri ikwanise kukwezva vanodyara mari.
Dare reEuropean Court of Auditors rinoti EU haina hurongwa hwenguva refu hwemafuta emhuka, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa zvinangwa zvedunhu rekubvisa kabhoni mukufambisa. Kutaura zvazviri, maonero eEU pamusoro pemafuta emhuka ari kuramba achichinja. Pakutanga yaida kuwedzera huwandu hwemafuta emhuka mukushandiswa kwesimba rekufambisa mumugwagwa kusvika 10% panosvika 2020, asi yakazorega chinangwa ichi. Parizvino, EU inoziva kuti mafuta emhuka ane mukana mukuru mukufambisa ndege, kutakura zvinhu nezvimwe zvinhu, uye iri kuwanazve chivimbo mubudiriro.
Nikolaos Milionis, mukuru weDare reEuropean Court of Auditors, akabvuma kuti hurongwa hweEU hwe biofuel hwakaoma uye hwakachinja kakawanda mumakore makumi maviri apfuura. "Biofuels inogona kubatsira kuchinangwa cheEU chekusapindirana kwecarbon nekuchengetedza simba rayo, asi kuchine kushaikwa kwezvirongwa zvebudiriro zvakajeka uye zvakajeka. Kushaikwa kwenhungamiro yemutemo pasina mubvunzo kuchawedzera njodzi dzekudyara mari uye kuderedza kukwezva kweindasitiri ye biofuels muEurope."
Susie
Sichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd., Co.
0086 19302815938
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-30-2024
