Ndeapi Midziyo Inoshanda paDC Chete? Gwaro Rakazara reMagetsi Anoshandisa Magetsi Anoshanda Nemagetsi

Munyika yedu iri kuwedzera kuwanda kwemagetsi, kunzwisisa musiyano uripo pakati pesimba remagetsi anochinja-chinja (AC) nemagetsi anopinza (DC) hakuna kumbobvira kwanyanya kukosha. Kunyange zvazvo magetsi mazhinji emumba achisvika seAC, michina yakawanda yemazuva ano inoshanda chete nemagetsi eDC. Gwaro iri rakadzama rinoongorora nyika yemidziyo yeDC chete, richitsanangura kuti nei ichida magetsi anopinza, kuti vanoagamuchira sei, uye chii chinoita kuti asiyane zvakanyanya nemidziyo inoshandisa AC.

Kunzwisisa DC vs AC Power

Kusiyana Kukuru

Nei Mimwe Midziyo Ichishanda paDC Chete

1. Semiconductor Zvisikwa: Magetsi emazuva ano anoshandisa ma transistors anoda voltage yakagadzikana
2. Kunzwisisa kwePolarity: Zvikamu zvakaita sema LED zvinongoshanda chete ne +/- yakarongeka
3. Kuenderana kweBhatiri: DC inoenderana nehunhu hwebhatiri rinobuda
4. Zvinodiwa Zvekunyatsojeka: Maseketi edhijitari anoda simba risinganzwi ruzha

Mapoka eMidziyo yeDC-Chete

1. Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinotakurika

Midziyo iyi inowanikwa kwose kwose inomiririra mhando yakakura kwazvo yemichina yeDC chete:

• Mafoni Nemapiritsi
  • Inoshanda pa3.7-12V DC
  • USB Power Delivery standard: 5/9/12/15/20V DC
  • Machaja anoshandura AC kuita DC (zvinoonekwa pa "zvinobuda" specs)
• Malaptop & Manotebhuru
  • Kazhinji 12-20V DC inoshanda
  • Zvidhinha zvemagetsi zvinoshandura AC-DC
  • Kuchaja kweUSB-C: 5-48V DC
• Makamera edhijitari
  • 3.7-7.4V DC kubva kumabhatiri e lithiamu
  • Masensa emufananidzo anoda voltage yakagadzikana

Muenzaniso: iPhone 15 Pro inoshandisa 5V DC panguva yekushanda kwakajairika, ichigamuchira 9V DC kwenguva pfupi panguva yekuchaja nekukurumidza.

2. Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zveMotokari

Mota dzemazuva ano dzine simba reDC:

• Masisitimu evaraidzo
  • Kushanda kwe12V/24V DC
  • Matouchscreen, mayuniti ekufambisa
• MaECU (Mayuniti Ekutonga Injini)
  • Makomputa emotokari akakosha
  • Inoda simba rakachena reDC
• Mwenje we LED
  • Mwenje yemusoro, mwenje yemukati
  • Kazhinji 9-36V DC

Chokwadi Chinonakidza: Mota dzemagetsi dzine maDC-DC converters kuti dzideredze simba rebhatiri re400V kuenda ku12V yezvimwe zvinhu.

3. Masisitimu Esimba Rinodzokororwa

Kuiswa kwezuva kunonyanya kutsamira paDC:

• Mapaneru Ezuva
  • Gadzira magetsi eDC zvakasikwa
  • Panera yakajairika: 30-45V DC yakavhurika dunhu
• Mabhangi eBhatiri
  • Chengetedza simba seDC
  • Lead-asidi: 12/24/48V DC
  • Lithium-ion: 36-400V+ DC
• Vatongi veChaji
  • Mhando dzeMPPT/PWM
  • Gadzirisa kushandurwa kweDC-DC

4. Midziyo yekukurukurirana

Nzvimbo ye network inoenderana nekuvimbika kwe DC:

• Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zveCell Tower
  • Kazhinji -48V DC standard
  • Masisitimu emabhatiri ekuchengetedza
• Zviteshi zveFiber Optic
  • Vatyairi veLaser vanoda DC
  • Kazhinji 12V kana 24V DC
• Maswichi eNetwork/Marouter
  • Midziyo yenzvimbo yedata
  • Masherufu emagetsi e12V/48V DC

5. Zvishandiso zvekurapa

Midziyo yekuchengetedza varwere vakaoma inowanzoshandisa DC:

• Varindi vevarwere
  • ECG, michina yeEEG
  • Vanoda dziviriro yeruzha rwemagetsi
• Kuongorora Zvinotakurika
  • Maskena eUltrasound
  • Vaongorori veropa
• Zvishandiso Zvinoiswa Mumuviri
  • Vagadziri vemhepo
  • Zvinokurudzira tsinga dzeuropi

Cherechedza Kuchengetedza: Masisitimu eMedical DC anowanzo shandisa magetsi akaparadzana kuti murwere achengetedzeke.

6. Masisitimu Ekudzora Maindasitiri

Kugadzira otomatiki kwefekitori kunoenderana neDC:

• PLCs (Vatongi veLogic Vanogona Kurongwa)
  • 24V DC standard
  • Kushanda kunodzivirira ruzha
• MaSensor & Actuators
  • Masensa ekuswedera pedyo
  • Mavharuvhu eSolenoid
• Marobhoti
  • Vatongi vemota dzeServo
  • Kazhinji masisitimu e48V DC

Nei Midziyo Iyi Isingakwanise Kushandisa AC

Miganhu yeUnyanzvi

1. Kukuvara kwePolarity Reversion
   • Madiodhi, matransistors anokundikana neAC
   • Muenzaniso: Ma LED anodzima/anoputika
2. Kukanganiswa kweDunhu reNguva
   • Maawa edhijitari anovimba nekugadzikana kweDC
   • AC yaizogadzirisazve microprocessors
3. Kugadzira Kupisa
   • AC inokonzera kurasikirwa kwe capacitive/inductive
   • DC inopa simba rekufambisa magetsi zvinobudirira

Zvinodiwa paKushanda

Kushandurwa Kwesimba reDC Devices

Nzira dzekushandura AC-ku-DC

1. Maadapta emadziro
   • Zvakajairika zvemagetsi madiki
   • Ine chinogadzirisa, chinogadzirisa
2. Simba remukati
   • Makomputa, maTV
   • Magadzirirwo emodhi yakachinjika
3. Masisitimu eMotokari
   • Alternator + rectifier
   • Kutarisira mabhatiri emagetsi

Kushandurwa kweDC-ku-DC

Kazhinji zvinodiwa kuti uenzanise voltages:

• Buck Converters(Dzokera pasi)
• Vashanduri Vekuwedzera(Kukwira kumusoro)
• Buck-Boost(Nzira dzose dziri mbiri)

Muenzaniso: Chaja yelaptop yeUSB-C inogona kushandura 120V AC → 20V DC → 12V/5V DC sezvinodiwa.

Matekinoroji Ari Kubudirira Anoshandisa DC

1. DC Microgrids

• Dzimba dzemazuva ano dziri kutanga kushanda
• Inobatanidza solar, mabhatiri, nemidziyo yeDC

2. Kutumira Simba reUSB

• Kuwedzera kusvika pamagetsi akakwira
• Zvinogona kuitika kuti imba ive yeramangwana

3. Masisitimu eMotokari dzeMagetsi

• Kutamiswa kweDC kweV2H (Mota Kubva Kumba)
• Kuchaja divi rimwe nerimwe

Kuziva Zvishandiso zveDC Chete

Dudziro yeLabel

Tsvaga:

• Zviratidzo zve "DC Chete"
• Zviratidzo zvePolarity (+/-)
• Zviratidzo zvemagetsi zvisina ~ kana ⎓

Mienzaniso yeKuisa Simba

1. Chinobatanidza Bhodhoro
   • Zvakajairika pamarauta, mamonita
   • Nyaya dzakanaka/dzakaipa pakati
2. Zviteshi zveUSB
   • Simba reDC nguva dzose
   • 5V baseline (kusvika ku48V ine PD)
3. Zvivharo zveChiteshi
   • Midziyo yeindasitiri
   • Zvakanyorwa zvakajeka +/-

Kufunga Nezvekuchengetedza

Njodzi Dzakanangana neDC

1. Kutsigira Arc
   • Ma arc eDC haazvidzimi ega seAC
   • Zvinodiwa mabreaker akakosha
2. Zvikanganiso zvePolarity
   • Kubatanidza neshure kunogona kukuvadza michina
   • Ongororazve usati wabatanidza
3. Njodzi dzeMabhatiri
   • Masosi eDC anogona kupa magetsi akawandisa
   • Ngozi dzemoto dzemabhatiri eLithium

Maonero Ezvakaitika Kare

"Hondo yeMagetsi" pakati paEdison (DC) naTesla/Westinghouse (AC) yakazoona AC ichikunda mukutumira ma "transmission", asi DC yadzoka zvakare muindasitiri ye "device":

• Ma1880: Magridi ekutanga emagetsi eDC
• Makore ekuma1950: Chimurenga cheSemiconductor chakanakira DC
• Makore e2000: Nguva yedhijitari inoita kuti DC ive nesimba

Remangwana reSimba reDC

Mafambiro anoratidza kukura kwekushandiswa kweDC:

• Inoshanda zvakanyanya pamagetsi emazuva ano
• Simba rinogona kudzokororwa remagetsi rinobuda muDC
• Nzvimbo dzedata dzinoshandisa kugoverwa kwe380V DC
• Kuvandudzwa kwezviyero zveDC zvemhuri zvinogona kuitika

Mhedziso: Nyika Inotonga DC

Kunyange zvazvo AC yakakunda hondo yekufambisa magetsi, DC yakakunda zviri pachena hondo yekushanda kwemidziyo. Kubva pamafoni ari muhomwe mako kusvika kuma solar panels ari padenga rako, magetsi anotungamira anosimudzira matekinoroji edu akakosha. Kunzwisisa kuti ndeapi michina inoda DC kunobatsira ne:

• Kusarudza michina yakakodzera
• Sarudzo dzemagetsi akachengeteka
• Kuronga simba remagetsi remumba mune ramangwana
• Kugadzirisa matambudziko ehunyanzvi

Sezvatinofambira mberi kune simba rinogona kushandiswazve uye magetsi, kukosha kweDC kuchawedzera chete. Midziyo yakaratidzwa pano inongova kutanga kweramangwana rine simba reDC iro rinovimbisa kushanda zvakanaka uye masisitimu esimba ari nyore.