Mota dzemagetsi dzava kuwanda mumigwagwa yedu, uye zvivakwa zvekuchaja zviri kuvakwa pasi rese kuti zvishandiswe. Zvakafanana nemagetsi pachiteshi chepeturu, uye munguva pfupi iri kutevera, dzichange dziri kwese kwese.
Zvisinei, zvinomutsa mubvunzo unonakidza. Mapombi emhepo anongodurura mvura mumaburi uye ave achishandiswa kwenguva yakareba. Izvi hazvisirizvo zvinoitika munyika yemacharger emagetsi, saka ngationgororei mamiriro aripo pari zvino emutambo.
Tekinoroji yemotokari dzemagetsi yafambira mberi nekukurumidza kubva payakatanga kushandiswa mumakore gumi apfuura kana kupfuura. Sezvo mota zhinji dzemagetsi dzichiri nemotokari shoma, vagadziri vemotokari vakagadzira mota dzinochaja nekukurumidza mumakore apfuura kuti dzivandudze mashandiro adzo. Izvi zvinoitwa kuburikidza nekuvandudza bhatiri, hardware yekutonga uye software. Tekinoroji yekuchaja yafambira mberi kusvika pakuti mota dzemagetsi dzichangoburwa dzinogona kuwedzera mazana emakiromita mumaminitsi makumi maviri chete.
Zvisinei, kuchaja mota yemagetsi nekumhanya uku kunoda magetsi akawanda. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vagadziri vemotokari nemakambani emaindasitiri vanga vachishanda kugadzira mwero mitsva yekuchaja kuti vape mabhatiri emotokari epamusoro-soro nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.
Segwara, soketi yemagetsi yemumba muUS inogona kuunza 1.8 kW. Zvinotora maawa makumi mana nemasere kana kupfuura kuchaja mota yemagetsi yemazuva ano kubva musoketi yakadaro yemumba.
Kusiyana neizvi, ma "EV charging ports" emazuva ano anogona kutakura simba rinobva pa2 kW kusvika 350 kW mune dzimwe nguva, uye anoda ma "connectors" ane hunyanzvi hwakanyanya kuti aite izvozvo. Mitemo yakasiyana-siyana yave ichibuda mumakore apfuura sezvo vagadziri vemotokari vachitsvaga kuisa simba rakawanda mumotokari nekumhanya kukuru. Ngatitarisei sarudzo dzakajairika nhasi.
Standard yeSAE J1772 yakaburitswa muna Chikumi 2001 uye inozivikanwawo seJ Plug. Chinobatanidza chine mapini mashanu chinotsigira kuchaja kweAC kwechikamu chimwe chete pa1.44 kW kana chakabatana nemagetsi epamba, ayo anogona kuwedzerwa kusvika 19.2 kW kana chakaiswa pachiteshi chekuchaja chemotokari yemagetsi chinomhanya zvikuru. Chinobatanidza ichi chinotumira simba reAC rechikamu chimwe chete pawaya mbiri, masaini pawaya mbiri, uye chechishanu chinobatanidza pasi rinodzivirira.
Mushure megore ra2006, J Plug yakava mutemo wekuti mota dzese dzemagetsi dzinotengeswa muCalifornia dziiswe muCalifornia uye yakakurumidza kufarirwa muUS neJapan, uye yakapinda mune dzimwe misika yepasi rose.
Chinobatanidza cheType 2, chinozivikanwawo nemugadziri wacho, Mennekes wekuGerman, chakatanga kurongwa muna 2009 sechinotsiva SAE J1772 yeEU. Chinhu chikuru chayo dhizaini yechinobatanidza che7-pin chinogona kutakura simba reAC rechikamu chimwe chete kana chechikamu chechitatu, zvichibvumira kuti ichajise mota kusvika ku43 kW. Muchokwadi, machaja mazhinji eType 2 anokwira kusvika ku22 kW kana pasi. Kufanana neJ1772, inewo mapini maviri ekuisa zviratidzo zvepamberi nepashure pekuisa. Zvadaro ine ivhu rinodzivirira, isina kupindira uye maconductor matatu ezvikamu zvitatu zveAC.
Muna 2013, European Union yakasarudza maplug eType 2 senzira itsva yekutsiva J1772 pamwe nemaconnector eEV Plug Alliance Type 3A ne3C ekushandisa pakuchaja AC. Kubva ipapo, connector iyi yave ichigamuchirwa zvakanyanya mumusika weEurope uye inowanikwawo mumotokari dzakawanda dzepasi rose.
CCS inomirira Combined Charging System uye inoshandisa "combo" connector kuti ibvumire DC neAC kuchaja. Yakaburitswa muna Gumiguru 2011, standard iyi yakagadzirirwa kubvumira nyore nyore kuiswa kwekuchaja kweDC nekukurumidza mumotokari itsva. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekuwedzera maDC conductor maviri kune iripo AC connector type. Kune mhando mbiri huru dzeCCS, Combo 1 connector uye Combo 2 connector.
Combo 1 ine Type 1 J1772 AC connector nema DC conductor maviri makuru. Saka, mota ine CCS Combo 1 connector inogona kubatanidzwa neJ1772 charger yekuchaja AC, kana kuti neCombo 1 connector yekuchaja DC nekukurumidza. Dhizaini iyi yakakodzera mota dziri mumusika weUS, uko J1772 connectors dzave dzakajairika.
Makonekita eCombo 2 ane konekita yeMennekes yakabatana nemakonekita maviri makuru eDC. Pamusika wekuEurope, izvi zvinobvumira mota dzine masoketi eCombo 2 kuchajwa pa single kana three phase AC kuburikidza neType 2 connector, kana kuti DC fast charging nekubatanidza kune Combo 2 connector.
CCS inobvumira kuchaja AC zvinoenderana neJ1772 kana Mennekes sub-connector yakavakirwa mudhizaini. Zvisinei, kana ikashandiswa pakuchaja DC nekukurumidza, inobvumira kumhanya kwekuchaja kwemagetsi nekukurumidza kusvika ku350 kW.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti DC fast charger ine Combo 2 connector inobvisa AC phase connection uye neutral mu connector sezvo isingadiwi. Combo 1 connector inosiya dziri panzvimbo, kunyange hazvo dzisingashandiswe. Magadzirirwo ese ari maviri anoshandisa ma signal pins akafanana anoshandiswa neAC connector kutaurirana pakati pemotokari ne charger.
Seimwe yemakambani ekutanga munzvimbo yemotokari dzemagetsi, Tesla yakatanga kugadzira zvinobatanidza zvayo zvekuchaja kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa nemotokari dzayo. Izvi zvakatangwa sechikamu chenetwork yeTesla yeSupercharger, iyo ine chinangwa chekuvaka network inochaja nekukurumidza kuti itsigire mota dzekambani pasina zvimwe zvivakwa zvakawanda.
Kunyange zvazvo kambani iyi ichipa mota dzayo ma connectors eType 2 kana CCS muEurope, muUS, Tesla inoshandisa nzira yayo yekuchaja. Inogona kutsigira AC single-phase uye three-phase charging, pamwe nekuchaja DC nekukurumidza paTesla Supercharger stations.
Zviteshi zvekutanga zveTesla zveSupercharger zvaipa makilowatts anosvika zana nemakumi mashanu pamotokari, asi gare gare mamodheru emagetsi mashoma emaguta aive nemuganho wakaderera we72 kilowatts. Machaja matsva ekambani anogona kupa simba rinosvika mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu kW kumotokari dzakashongedzerwa zvakanaka.
Mwero weGB/T 20234.3 wakapihwa neStandardization Administration yeChina uye unovhara maconnector anokwanisa kuchaja nekukurumidza panguva imwe chete AC neDC. Hazvizivikanwe zvakanyanya kunze kwemusika wemagetsi weChina, unonzi unoshanda kusvika 1,000 volts DC uye 250 amps uye uchaja nekumhanya kunosvika 250 kilowatts.
Kashoma kuti uwane chiteshi ichi pamotokari isina kugadzirwa muChina, yakagadzirirwa musika weChina kana nyika dzayakabatana nadzo pakutengeserana.
Pamwe dhizaini inonyanya kufadza yechiteshi ichi iA+ neA- pins. Dzakayerwa mavoltage anosvika 30 V uye macurrents anosvika 20 A. Dzinotsanangurwa muchiyero se "simba rekubatsira remagetsi rakaderera remotokari dzemagetsi dzinopihwa nemachaja ari kunze kwebhodhi".
Hazvina kujeka kubva mushanduro kuti basa radzo chairo nderei, asi dzinogona kunge dzakagadzirirwa kubatsira kutanga mota yemagetsi nebhatiri rafa zvachose. Kana bhatiri remagetsi reEV nebhatiri re12V zvapera, zvinogona kuoma kuchaja mota nekuti magetsi emotokari haagone kumuka otaurirana nechaja. Macontactor haakwanisewo kusimbiswa kuti abatanidze traction unit kune akasiyana masisitimu emotokari. Mapini maviri aya angangodaro akagadzirwa kuti ape simba rakakwana rekushandisa magetsi emotokari uye kupa simba macontactor kuitira kuti bhatiri guru retraction rigone kuchajiwa kunyangwe mota yafa zvachose. Kana muchiziva zvakawanda nezveizvi, inzwai makasununguka kutizivisa mumashoko.
CHAdeMO imhando yekubatanidza maEV, kunyanya pakushandisa ma "fast charging". Inogona kupa simba rinosvika 62.5 kW kuburikidza ne "connector" yayo yakasiyana. Iyi ndiyo nzira yekutanga yakagadzirirwa kupa DC fast charging yemotokari dzemagetsi (zvisinei nemugadziri) uye ine ma "CAN bus pins" ekutaurirana pakati pemotokari ne "charger".
Mutemo uyu wakakurudzirwa kushandiswa pasi rose muna 2010 nerutsigiro rwevagadziri vemotokari vekuJapan. Zvisinei, mutemo uyu watonyanya kushanda muJapan, Europe ichiramba ichishandisa Type 2 uye US ichishandisa J1772 neTesla's connectors. Pane imwe nguva, EU yakafunga nezvekumanikidza kubviswa kweCHAdeMO chargers, asi pakupedzisira yakasarudza kuda kuti nzvimbo dzekuchaja dzive ne "kanenge" Type 2 kana Combo 2 connectors.
Kuvandudzwa kunoenderana nekumashure kwakaziviswa muna Chivabvu 2018, izvo zvichabvumira machaja eCHAdeMO kupa simba rinosvika 400 kW, zvichipfuura kunyange maCCS connectors ari mumunda. Vatsigiri veCHAdeMO vanoona kukosha kwayo sechiyero chimwe chete chepasi rose pane musiyano uripo pakati pemitemo yeUS neEU CCS. Zvisinei, yakakundikana kuwana zvakawanda zvakatengwa kunze kwemusika weJapan.
Mwero weCHAdeMo 3.0 wave uchigadzirwa kubvira muna 2018. Unonzi ChaoJi uye une dhizaini itsva yekubatanidza ine mapini manomwe yakagadzirwa pamwe chete neChina Standardization Administration. Unotarisira kuwedzera mwero wekuchaja kusvika 900 kW, kushanda pa1.5 kV, uye kupa maamps akazara e600 kuburikidza nekushandisa tambo dzakatonhorerwa nemvura.
Paunenge uchiverenga izvi, ungaregererwa nekufunga kuti zvisinei nekuti uri kutyaira mota yako itsva yeEV kupi, kune mitemo yakasiyana-siyana yekuchaja yakagadzirira kukunetsa. Nerombo rakanaka, handizvo zvazviri. Hurumende zhinji dzinoomerwa nekutsigira imwe nzira yekuchaja uku dzichisiya dzimwe dzakawanda, zvichiita kuti mota zhinji nemachaja munzvimbo yakati zvienderane. Ehe, Tesla muUS yakasiyana, asi inewo network yavo yekuchaja yakatsaurirwa.
Kunyange hazvo paine vamwe vanhu vanoshandisa charger isiriyo panzvimbo isiriyo panguva isiriyo, vanogona kushandisa imwe adapta pavanoida. Zvichienderera mberi, maEV mazhinji matsva acharamba achishanda kune mhando yemacharger akaiswa munzvimbo dzavo dzekutengesa, zvichiita kuti hupenyu huve nyore kune wese munhu.
Iye zvino chiyero chekuchaja chepasi rose iUSB-C
.Zvese zvinofanirwa kuchajwa uchishandisa USB-C, hapana musiyano. Ndinofungidzira kuti plug ye100KW EV, inova seti yemaconnector e1000 USB C akaputirwa muplug imwe chete. Nezvinhu zvakakodzera, unogona kuchengetedza huremu huri pasi pe50 kg (110 lb) kuti zvive nyore kushandisa.
Mota zhinji dzePHEV nedzemagetsi dzine simba rekudhonza rinosvika mapaundi zana, saka unogona kushandisa tirela kutakura maadapter nema converter ako. Peavey Mart iri kutengesawo magenny vhiki rino kana paine mazana mashoma eGVWR ekuwedzera.
MuEurope, ongororo dzeType 1 (SAE J1772) neCHAdeMO dzinofuratira zvachose chokwadi chekuti Nissan LEAF neMitsubishi Outlander PHEV, mbiri dzemotokari dzemagetsi dzinotengeswa zvakanyanya, dzine maconnector aya.
Ma connector aya anoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye haasi kupera. Kunyange zvazvo Type 1 neType 2 zvichienderana padanho rechiratidzo (zvichibvumira tambo yeType 2 kuenda kuType 1 inogona kubviswa), CHAdeMO neCCS hazvishande. LEAF haina nzira chaiyo yekuchaja kubva kuCCS.
Kana charger inokasira isingachakwanisi kushandiswa neCHAdeMO, ndingafunga zvekudzokera kuICE car rwendo rurefu ndochengeta LEAF yangu kuti ishandiswe munharaunda chete.
Ndine Outlander PHEV. Ndakamboshandisa DC fast charge feature kakawanda, kuti ndiiedze kana ndine dhiri rekuchaja mahara. Ehe, inogona kuchaja bhatiri kusvika 80% mumaminitsi makumi maviri, asi izvozvo zvinofanirwa kukupa EV range yemakiromita angangoita makumi maviri.
Macharger akawanda eDC fast anodhura zvishoma nezvishoma, saka ungabhadhara bhiri remagetsi rakapetwa ka100 pamakiromita makumi maviri, zvinova zvakawanda kupfuura dai waityaira nepeturu chete. Charger yeminiti imwe neimwe haina kunaka zvakanyanya, sezvo ine simba re22 kW.
Ndinoda Outlander yangu nekuti EV mode inovhara rwendo rwangu rwese, asi DC fast charging feature inobatsira senipple yechitatu yemurume.
Chinobatanidza CHAdeMO chinofanira kuramba chakafanana pamashizha ese (mashizha?), asi usazvinetse neOutlanders.
Tesla inotengesawo maadapter anobvumira Tesla kushandisa J1772 (zvechokwadi) neCHAdeMO (zvinoshamisa zvikuru). Vakazorega kushandisa CHAdeMO adapter ndokuunza CCS adapter…asi kune dzimwe mota chete, mune dzimwe misika. Adapter inodiwa kuti ibhadharise maTesla eUS kubva kuCCS Type 1 charger ine socket yeTesla Supercharger inongotengeswa muKorea chete (!) uye inoshanda chete pamota dzichangoburwa. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=584HfILW38Q
Kambani yeAmerican Power pamwe chete neNissan vakati vari kubvisa Chademo vachiisa CCS. Nissan Arya itsva ichava CCS, uye Leaf ichamira kugadzirwa munguva pfupi iri kutevera.
Nyanzvi yemagetsi yekuDutch Muxsan yauya neCCS yekuwedzera yeNissan LEAF kuti itsive AC port. Izvi zvinobvumira Type 2 AC neCCS2 DC kuchaja uku ichichengetedza CHAdeMo port.
Ndinoziva 123, 386 na356 ndisina kutarisa. Chokwadi ndechekuti, ndakasanganisa maviri ekupedzisira, saka ndinofanira kutarisa.
Ehe, zvakanyanya kana uchifunga kuti zvakabatana muchirevo...asi ndaifanira kuzvidzvanya ndega uye ndinofunga kuti ndizvo, asi nhamba yacho haindipi ruzivo zvachose.
Chinobatanidza cheCCS2/Type 2 chakapinda muUS seJ3068 standard. Chinotarisirwa kushandiswa ndechemotokari dzinorema, sezvo simba re3-phase rinopa kumhanya kukuru.J3068 inotsanangura voltage yakakwira kupfuura Type2, sezvo ichigona kusvika 600V phase-to-phase.DC charging yakafanana neCCS2. Voltages nema currents anopfuura mwero weType2 zvinoda masaini edhijitari kuitira kuti mota neEVSE zvigone kuona kuti zvinoenderana.Pa potential current ye160A, J3068 inogona kusvika 166kW yeAC power.
"MuUS, Tesla inoshandisa nzira yayo yekuchaja. Inogona kutsigira kuchaja kweAC single-phase uye three-phase"
Inongova chikamu chimwe chete. Inongova J1772 plug-in ine marongerwo akasiyana ine DC functionality yakawedzerwa.
J1772 (CCS type 1) inogona kutsigira DC, asi handisati ndamboona chero chinhu chinoishandisa. Iyo j1772 protocol "yakapusa" ine kukosha kwe "Digital Mode Inodiwa" uye "Type 1 DC" zvinoreva DC pamapini eL1/L2."Type 2 DC" inoda mapini ekuwedzera ekubatanidza combo.
Makontena eTesla ekuUS haatsigire maAC ane zvikamu zvitatu. Vanyori vanovhiringidza makontena ekuUS neekuEurope, ekupedzisira (anozivikanwawo seCCS Type 2) anoita saizvozvo.
Panyaya yakafanana neiyi: Mota dzemagetsi dzinobvumirwa kufamba mumugwagwa dzisina kubhadhara mutero wemugwagwa here? Kana zvakadaro, sei? Tichifunga kuti nzvimbo yakasarudzika (isingabvumike zvachose) yezvakatipoteredza ine mota dzinopfuura 90% dzemagetsi, mutero wekuchengetedza mugwagwa uchabva kupi? Unogona kuwedzera izvozvo pamutengo wekuchaja veruzhinji, asi vanhu vanogonawo kushandisa solar panels kumba, kana kunyange majenareta edhiziri 'ekurima' (pasina mutero wemugwagwa).
Zvese zvinoenderana nemutemo wenyika. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinongobhadharisa mutero wemafuta chete. Dzimwe dzinobhadharisa mari yekunyoresa mota semutero wekuwedzera mafuta.
Pane imwe nguva, dzimwe nzira dzinoshandiswa kudzoserwa mari idzi dzinofanira kuchinja. Ndinoda kuona hurongwa hwakarurama apo mari dzinobhadharwa dzinoenderana nemakiromita uye huremu hwemotokari sezvo izvo zvinosarudza kuti unorasikirwa zvakadii mumugwagwa. Mutero wekabhoni pamafuta ungave wakakodzera nzvimbo yekutambira.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-21-2022
